Conversely, for cells with a low PPAT/GLS1 ratio such as HCT116 colorectal cancer cells (Fig. 5e) and HSC-60 gastric cancer cells (Fig. 5f), PPAT depletion or GLS1 overexpression (Supplementary Fig. 9) promoted (HCT116) or had no effect (HSC-60) on anchorage-independent growth, whereas such growth of both cell lines was substantially attenuated by GLS1 depletion or PPAT overexpression. Here, GLS is linked to colorectal cancer.