We found that the differences in weight and survival between the gut-trafficking blockade group and the control group were nonsignificant without CTLA-4 blockade, which suggested that gut-trafficking blockade does not affect DSS-induced colitis directly (Fig. 4b, c, Additional file 5: Figure S5), consistent with a recent study showing that β7 deficiency does not exacerbate intestinal inflammation unless in the setting of impaired Treg function [31]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.