IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Mounting evidence has suggested interferon (IFN) signature, TLR9 response impairment, and CD19 down-regulation of TrB cells are involved in those with SLE, thereby interfering with the removal of autoreactive B cells at the TrB cell stage, and leading to the production of pathogenic antibodies by the surviving autoreactive B cells [68, 96].