Examples of the genetic variants that could have been selected and that have the highest frequency in mestizo and indigenous populations are a haplotype spanning SLC16A11 and conferring a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and the ABCA1/R230C functional variant, which has been consistently associated with low HDL-C levels [7, 35]. The gene discussed is ABCA1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.