GAS5 and HIV-1 infection: GAS5 has been shown to be downregulated upon HIV-1 infection in T cells [54] and, using a combination of knockdown and overexpression strategies of GAS5, Chen et al. (2018) determined that high levels of GAS5 decreased HIV-1 transcription, while a knockdown of GAS5 resulted in an increase in HIV-1 transcription.