INS and Insulin resistance: Insulin resistance was developed in both the muscle and liver of HFD-fed male mice (Figure 3A,B); HFD feeding reduced insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β and PRAS40, all of which are involved in the transmission of insulin pathways, while basal phosphorylation of GSK3β was enhanced by HFD feeding in the liver (Figure 3B).