VIM and brain neoplasm: They include ubiquitin and its C-terminal Gly-Gly dipeptide truncated form (Ubiquitin des-GG) —marking the most aggressive medulloblastoma—other fragments of GFAP and vimentin proteins, the bioactive C-terminal fragments of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin, the C-terminal peptide 375–418 of the latter with reported immunomodulatory activity [24], which would require further investigation to understand the actual biological role in the context of brain tumors.