When activated, recruitment and activation of two different signaling pathways, either TRAM/TRIF/RIP1 or TIRAP/MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6, will cause the activation of TAK1, a kinase that will eventually activate NFκB and JNK, and will enhance IL-1ß, TNFα, and IL-6 secretion to induce further insulin resistance [87,88]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Insulin resistance.