CFTR and urinary bladder carcinoma: While CFTR upregulation has been observed in ovarian, cervical, gastric, and nasopharyngeal cancers, hypermethylation and/or downregulation of CFTR were reported in prostate, breast, colorectal, and bladder cancers, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [37].