LEP and chronic kidney disease: When we analyzed serum concentrations of leptin separately in women and men, we found that both male and female CKD patients had almost three times higher serum leptin concentrations than controls; however, the leptin concentrations in women (both in CKD patients and controls) were about two times higher than in men (in CKD women 37.7 ± 15 vs. 15.8 ± 9.9 in healthy women, p < 0.01; in CKD men 19.6 ± 10 vs. 7.54 ± 5.2 in healthy man p < 0.05).