CALCA and Familial prostate cancer: Considering the similarity in the actions of CT-CTR axis and T-antigen on prostate cancer cells such as the activation of Wnt/β-catenin, a PI-3-kinase-Akt-survivin signaling and the importance of these pathways in carcinogenesis, EMT, and acquisition of stem cell phenotype, it is likely that the presence of CTR may be critical for activation of these pathways.