For example, cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment has been reported to generate a marked CD8+ T-cell response with high secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 in patients with ovarian cancer [31]; 5-FU or gemcitabine selectively killed myeloid-derived suppressor cells [32] and in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-FU increased the trafficking of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the tumor microenvironment [33]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.