In particular, among women with T2DM without CH, HDP frequency was significantly higher among women who received therapy with insulin dosages ≥ 80 IU/L for T2DM without CH at delivery (44.4%) than among those who received therapy with insulin dosages < 80 IU/L for T2DM without CH at delivery (9.7%; p = 0.0016, Fig 2F). This evidence concerns the gene INS and cyclic hematopoiesis.