INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the T2DM alone group, the insulin dosages during the first trimester were higher for mothers of infants without FGR (10.1 ± 18.4 U/day) than those for mothers of infants with FGR (0.0 ± 0.0 U/day; p < 0.0001), but first-trimester insulin dosages for mothers of infants without FGR (1.2 ± 3.8 U/day) were similar to those for mothers of infants with FGR (0.0 ± 0.0 U/day) (Fig 4C).