This signaling pathway may also be relevant in certain cancers, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma; inhibition of PKR has been proposed to sensitize Trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer to increase efficacy of Trastuzumab in preventing tumorigenesis (Darini et al., 2019), and inhibition of NF-κB signaling or iNOS inhibition have been demonstrated to slow growth of glioblastoma stem cells (Eyler et al., 2011; Friedmann-Morvinski et al., 2016). Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.