NLRP3 and Ureteral obstruction: In a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 showed increased expression, leading to NLRP3 activation, While in NLRP3 gene knock out mice, less tubular injury and fibrosis were observed after UUO (Vilaysane et al., 2010).