TXNIP and liver dysplastic nodule: Zhou et al. (2018) proved that high glucose can induce the activation of ROS-meditated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Xu et al. (2018) showed that TXNIP can induce the oxidative stress response in glomerular mesangial cells, while Tan et al. (2015) found that TXNIP inhibited tubule-interstitial compartment from acting as an important meditator in the process of tubule-interstitial fibrosis in DN. Moreover, Han et al. (2018) used an antioxidant targeting mtROS (MitoQ) in mice and confirmed that mtROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation was key for the DN.