Both in vivo studies using APP/PS1 mice and in vitro studies using cultured microglial cells have revealed an important role for Aβ-induced activation of the multi-protein complex NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 and ensuring generation of IL-1β in AD pathologies (Heneka et al., 2015; Wes et al., 2016; White et al., 2017). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.