TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: These cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are potential prognostic biomarkers as well as targets in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (Fujioka et al., 2003; Prabhu et al., 2014) and in peripheral nerve injury (Fregnan et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012; Lees et al., 2017).