VGF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Zhao et al. 13 have also reported that VGF is markedly decreased in the spinal cords of the familial ALS mice with mutated SOD1G93A compared with that in their WT littermates, and that exogenous VGF expression by adenoviral mouse VGF transfection in the primary spinal cord neurons from SOD1G93A mice can protect neurons against excitatory amino acid-mediated injury.