TNF and Sepsis: We performed a controlled study to investigate the impact of TNF-α gene polymorphisms, namely TNF-α -308G/A (-308G>A), TNF-α +489G/A (+489G>A), TNF-α -238G/A (-238G>A), TNF-α -376G/A (-376G>A), on sepsis risk, septic shock development and outcome; correlations were sought between allele, genotype and haplotype distribution and severity of disease.