In contrast, VV-iPDL1/GM injection greatly reduced MDSCs to 23% of the CD11b+ population (Fig. 5a), which was consistent with the reduced absolute MDSC numbers of VV-iPDL1/GM-treated or distant tumors (Fig. 5b, c), suggesting the ability of VV-iPDL1/GM to block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and decrease tumor-associated immune suppressive cells. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAM and neoplasm.