CSF2 and neoplasm: In summary, this engineered armed oncolytic virus with the ability to activate neoantigen-specific T cell responses by the synergistic action of viral immunogenic oncolysis, GM-CSF function, and PD-L1 inhibition on tumor cells and immune cells provides a potent, individual tumor-specific oncolytic immunotherapy, which could be therapeutically used alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy for cancer patients, especially those resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.