NFE2L2 and cancer: One study found that wogonin can induce activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.18 Additionally, other researchers have proposed that wogonin may suppress the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1b by modulating the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa beta and NF-E2-related factor 2 signaling pathways.19 IL-6 and IL-1β are well known pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokines with profound effects on several diseases, especially CRC onset.20 21