TBCE and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Chemical pre-treatment to ablate KCs in rats before APAP-ALI showed protective effects, suggesting macrophages can exacerbate liver injury through release of proinflammatory mediators.[11], [12], [13] However, subsequent studies found that macrophages are absolutely required for appropriate tissue repair and angiogenesis following APAP-ALI.[14], [15], [16] Both KCs and infiltrating macrophages acquire distinct but restorative phenotypes that are required for the timely resolution of APAP-ALI.6