CXCL12 and neoplasm: In 2016, Yang et al. showed that the conditioned medium of tumor-associated fibroblasts (CM-TAMs) could promote VM formation in vitro through secreting TGF-β and SDF1, and the expression of VE-cadherin, MMP-2, and laminin5γ2 was increased by TGF-β and SDF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma [73].