TNF and choroiditis: Dendrimer NPs (20 nm) loaded with recombinant DNA plasmids enhanced the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) and the apoptosis rates of human choroidal melanomaOCM-1 cells, exhibiting radiosensitization effects under irradiation [161].