STAT3 and neoplasm: ThesedsODN inhibit the stimulation of STAT-3 dimers; as a result, gene expressionactivated by STAT-3 and growth of tumor cells is inhibited (Becker et al., 1998; Sen et al., 2009b; Zhang et al., 2007).STAT-3-specific dsODN are also used in mouse to inhibit expression of STAT-3responsive genes and ultimately prevent tumor cell growth.