In subjects with DM and PM, an enhanced expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in the endomysial and perimysial inflammatory infiltrate [13] as well as an overexpression of IFN-γ, IL12p40 and myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) has been shown in muscle biopsies [14]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and diabetes mellitus.