TNF and Insulin resistance: Indeed, adipocytes in visceral fat depots are more lipolytic, whilst they also exhibit enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g. intrerleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines (e.g. adiponectin), thus, promoting increased insulin resistance and activation of inflammatory pathways in the adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles [18].