TLR4 and cardiac hypertrophy: Modes of action includes many molecular targets, including histone acetyltransferase (HAT-p300, involved in in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes), nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NrF2, a major transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B, transcription factor upregulated in inflammatory/carcinogenic conditions), angiotensin II type receptor (AT1R, involved in cardiac hypertrophy), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and some other molecular targets such as SIRT3 and TGFβ/Smad-mediated signaling pathways.