SIRT1 and neoplasm: Consequently, bioengineered miR-34a-5p prodrug exerted potent antiproliferative activity against ES with an enhancement of apoptosis and induction of G2 cell cycle arrest, attributable to a set of proteins (apoptosis-associated SIRT-1, BCL-2 and cell cycle arrest-associated CDK6) down-regulated by miR-34a-5p prodrug that were assembled into critical tumor regulatory pathways.