BRAF and colorectal carcinoma: For the past decades, studies have demonstrated that genetic molecular markers such as microsatellite instability (MSI), 18q loss of heterozygosity, and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), RAS, and BRAF, among others, are closely associated with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of CRC (Sanz-Garcia et al., 2017; Saeed et al., 2019).