TNF and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Especially, focal adhesion (Liu et al., 2018; Li Y. et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2019), apoptosis (Li M. et al., 2019; Liang et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019; Xie et al., 2019), and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway (Lu et al., 2011; Ou et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2017; Deng et al., 2018) have been reported to be closely related to NPC development.