In addition to the placenta, caspase-1 activation and mature IL-1β secretion are higher in the adipose tissue of pregnant patients with GDM compared with healthy pregnant women (167), and treatment with caspase-1 inhibitor suppresses IL-1β secretion, suggesting the contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in GDM. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is gestational diabetes.