The ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) provides transcriptional and translational evidence that the expression of ABCA1, a key modulator of cholesterol transport across the plasma membrane, is dysregulated in the brain of patients with AD and this dysregulation is associated with increased severity of AD, whether measured functionally as dementia severity or neuropathologically as increased neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density (24). The gene discussed is ABCA1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.