INS and infection: The expression of AMPs and other proteins important for responding to acute infection in C. elegans is regulated by three evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways: the TGF-β pathway (Zugasti and Ewbank 2009), the PMK-1 p38 MAPK pathway (Kim et al. 2002), and the insulin signaling pathway (Garsin et al. 2003), each of which has been shown to modulate the function of immune cells in mammals (Hayakawa et al. 2017; Fischer et al. 2017; Batlle and Massagué 2019).