Nevertheless, other findings dispute its primacy: (1) leptin does not always correlate with MSNA in humans [7]; (2) Zucker rats, in which obesity is secondary to mutation of the LepR, still exhibit increased SNA [79], and chronic central blockade of MC3/4R decreases BP in male Zucker rats [80]; and (3) leptin is produced in the subcutaneous fat depot, but subcutaneous adiposity does not elevate MSNA [81]. Here, LEPR is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.