Further, immunomodulatory factors in the tumor microenvironment, such as transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), contribute to the inhibited expression of stimulatory receptors, promote expression of inhibitory receptors and impair secretion of cytotoxic proteins, which impair NK cell‐mediated antineoplastic activity and reinforce tumor immune evasion [11, 12, 13]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.