TLR4 and neoplasm: The detailed mechanisms are as follows: 1) aggressive characteristics of tumor, such as invasiveness, adhesion, and transitivity were boosted by I/R[37,38]; 2) both inflammatory factors and cytokines factors correlated with tumor recurrence were up-regulated by I/R injury[38]; 3) endotoxin-mediated Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) was engaged by mesenteric congestion related to PM[39].