It would also be interesting to determine whether other lissencephaly or brain malformation-associated genes modulate RhoA-Anillin-actomyosin-pathways, and to test whether these genes, like LIS1, also possess dual roles in actomyosin and MT regulation important for apical NPCs by controlling key cellular processes not only mitosis but cytokinesis, a critical final step of cell determinant segregation. This evidence concerns the gene PAFAH1B1 and lissencephaly spectrum disorders.