TAT and AIDS: Secretion of Tat into the extracellular space leads to the generation of B cells and T cells antibody responses, as seen in about 20% of HIV-infected patients that are seropositive for Tat antibodies, and studies have shown that seroconversion is associated with low to no progression to AIDS, thereby, indicating the important role Tat plays in HIV-1 replication, infection, and pathogenesis (Re et al., 1995; van Baalen et al., 1997; Allen et al., 2000; Rezza et al., 2005).