Furthermore, although we previously reported an upregulation of il-1β in macrophages stimulated with LPS (10, 14) and although it is known that Hif1α is stabilized and linked to il-1β expression during mycobacterium infection of zebrafish (16, 17), it remains to be confirmed if Hif1α stabilization is required for il-1β expression in carp. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and Mycobacterium infection.