In the lox-stop-lox KrasLSL-G12D genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) (referred to herein as K), low-grade adenomas, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) arise by expression of a mutant Kras allele (KrasLSL-G12D) in the proximal-distal airways [16]. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and lung adenocarcinoma.