Indeed, ADAR1-mediated RNA editing has emerged as a dominant driver of cancer relapse and progression [43–45], and ADAR1 is a demonstrated oncogene in other tumor types, including oral cancer [46], cervical cancer HeLa cells [47], lung cancer [48], and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [45]. The gene discussed is ADAR; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.