INS and atrial fibrillation: The main findings of this study are as follows: (i) The HbA1c level, irrespective of the presence of established DM or use of insulin/OHAs, is associated with a significantly increased risk of IS/SE once the HbA1c level is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\ge$$\end{document}≥ 6.5% in AF patients.