TNF and colitis: This led to limited induction of colitis markers such as serum IL-6, serum Amyloid A, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, as well as colonic mRNA expression level of Il6, Tnfa, Il1b, Il10, Cox2 and Hmox. By contrast, colonic mRNA expression level of Zo1, Pparg and Ifng, repressed by TNBS, were restored by P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 consumption [14,19,20].