PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: In addition, PPARα expression is involved in protective role against numerous disease models including acute lung injury [11], sepsis-associated acute kidney injury [12], non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [13], etc. Indeed, PPARα as well as PPARγ play crucial roles in the modulation of host defenses against a variety of microbial infections [14,15,16,17] .