IFNA1 and infection: The molecular details of stimulating innate immunity via live attenuated NDV include (i) the activation of NK cells via HN interacting with NKp46 [98], (ii) activation of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs via NFκB, thus inducing a module for pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-2, IL-15, IFNα, IFN-γ) [99,100], (iii) re-programming DCs within 18 hrs of infection into polarization towards DC1 [101], (iv) upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) [102], and v) the induction of nitric oxide (NO) [99].