ATF3 and disorder of sexual differentiation: By contrast, only 13 genes (ATF3, DAPK1, EMX2, FLNA, FRAS1, FREM2, GLI3, IGFBP2, IRX5, MAML3, PIK3R3, WNT9A, and WNT9B) had been previously described in female gonadal development and 46,XX DSD and eight of them (DAPK1, EMX2, FREM2, IGFBP2, MAML3, PIK3R3, WNT9A, and WNT9B) were found in the 46,XX DSD patient (Table 1).