MAPK1 and neoplasm: Collectively, GSK-3α/β, ERK1, Akt1/2, JNK, RSK1/2, HSP27, p38, MSK2, p53, MKK3/6, and TOR when mutated or hyper-phosphorylated are implicated in biologically aggressive behaviors which could be used to develop an in vitro tumor model that could be used to explore drug discovery.