S100A4 and cancer: S100A4 contributes to the progression and metastasis of numerous cancers via both intracellular and extracellular pathways, which influence the stability of lamellipodia and chemotactic cell migration through the targeting of the intracellular cytoskeleton and extracellularly stimulating angiogenesis, promoting the secretion of various cytokines from cancer cells (16, 17).