CXCL12 and neoplasm: Additionally, RT induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (119, 120), including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and interleukin-6 (IL6).